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Artificial banana flavoring was first sold in the United States around the 1850s, predating the widespread availability of the tropical fruit itself by more than two decades. Bananas were a known commodity in the United States for most of the 19th century, as the first recorded shipment arrived in New York City in 1804. But those shipments were rare and limited, and the fruit remained a highly desirable exotic luxury that few Americans had access to. 

Bananas are technically classified as a berry.

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Bananas are botanically berries. All berries have seeds and pulp, the latter of which is known scientifically as “pericarp.” In bananas and other berries, the pericarp is divided into the exocarp (the skin), mesocarp (the part most often eaten), and endocarp (which envelops the seeds).

In an effort to capitalize on these culinary curiosities, a so-called “banana essence” was created and sold in the U.S. by 1855. However, the flavoring wasn’t initially intended to taste like bananas; rather, it was developed as an artificial substitute for pears in the United Kingdom. But pear cultivars in the U.S. smelled and tasted different from UK varieties, so to avoid any culinary confusion, the flavoring was instead marketed in the U.S. as banana. This flavoring was added to sugar candy and marketed as a purportedly authentic alternative to the fruit itself before advances in shipping and refrigeration made it easier to import bananas en masse.

Real bananas only became widely available in the United States beginning in the 1870s. As noted by historian John Soluri in his 2005 book Banana Cultures, the fruit was slowly but surely introduced to the country through Central America via small-scale farms in Cuba and Jamaica. Bananas were later unveiled to the masses at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876, where they were wrapped in foil and sold for a dime each. The fair helped the formerly exotic fruit gain widespread popularity throughout the U.S. decades after the artificial flavor first came on the scene.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Banana varieties grown around the world
1,000+
Bananas in the world’s largest recorded bunch
473
Percentage of each banana that’s made of water
75%
Largest crowd to attend a Savannah Bananas baseball game
81,000

A bunch of bananas is called a ______.

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A bunch of bananas is called a hand.

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The odorous durian fruit is banned in public areas throughout Asia.

Durian is a fruit native to Southeast Asia that’s highly desired for its unique flavor — but along with that flavor comes an intense and pungent aroma that’s been compared to sewage or rotten food. This odor is so potent that the fruit is banned in public spaces throughout the region, including on public transportation and in hotels.

Singapore is among the places with notably strict durian bans, having prohibited the fruit on public transport since 1988. Many Singaporean hotels charge lofty cleaning fees if a durian odor is detected in a guest’s room; the city’s Carlton City Hotel, for instance, imposes a fine of 500 Singapore dollars (roughly $391 USD). Despite the food’s notorious smell, however, it remains a popular and desirable item at many local restaurants and marketplaces.

Bennett Kleinman
Staff Writer

Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Inbox Studio, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.

Original photo by John Morrison/ iStock

Depending on your perspective, Roy C. Sullivan was either one of the unluckiest people who ever lived or one of the luckiest — unlucky because the park ranger was struck by lightning a whopping seven times, yet lucky because he managed to survive every one of those encounters. He even holds the Guinness World Record for the most lightning strikes survived, a dubious honor if ever there were one. 

The first lightning strike happened in 1942, when Sullivan was working at Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains, and resulted in a lost big toenail. For the better part of three decades, nature saw fit to leave the “spark ranger” alone. Beginning in 1969, however, lightning seemed to have it out for him.

You should hide under a tree during a lightning storm.

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This is actually one of the most dangerous things you can do, as trees are often the tallest objects in open areas and therefore commonly attract lightning. If possible, you should seek shelter indoors.

In 1969, he lost his eyebrows; in July 1970, his left shoulder was seared; in April 1972, his hair was set on fire; in August 1973, his hair caught fire again and his legs were seared; in June 1976, he injured his ankle; and in June of the following year, he sustained chest and stomach burns, all due to being struck by lightning.

Why he seemed to be the human equivalent of a lightning rod remains unknown. The National Weather Service puts the odds of being struck by lightning once in an 80-year lifetime at 1 in 15,300, making Sullivan a true statistical anomaly — especially considering the fact that his wife also survived a lightning strike. Sullivan passed away in 1983 at the age of 71, after having survived all seven strikes.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Speed (in mph) of a lightning bolt
270,000
Average lightning strikes per second across the world
44
Stanley Cups won by the Tampa Bay Lightning
3
Temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) a lightning strike can reach
54,000

The most lightning-struck location in the world is in ______.

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The most lightning-struck location in the world is in Venezuela.

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People used to believe ringing church bells repelled lightning.

Centuries after the superstition was debunked, some church bells still bear the inscription fulgura frango. Latin for “I break up lightning,” the phrase is evidence of a medieval-era belief that ringing church bells could prevent lightning strikes. The idea persisted until the late 18th century, but a number of bell-ringers getting struck by lightning over the centuries eventually helped people realize their faith was misplaced.

This is hardly the only way people have tried to avoid the elements, of course. Medieval-era Europeans used to plant Sempervivum tectorum, a plant also known as “houseleek,” “hens and chicks,” and “Jupiter’s beard” (Jupiter being the Roman god of thunder and the sky), on the roofs of houses and churches in the belief that it somehow prevented lightning and fire.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by scanrail/ iStock

There are many approaches to promoting world peace — giving Nobel Prizes, developing diplomatic agreements — but none is quite as awesome as playing air guitar. In fact, that’s why the Air Guitar World Championships were created: The organization’s official website proclaims that “wars will end, climate change will stop, and all bad things will vanish when all the people in the world play the air guitar.”

In keeping with that (perhaps overly optimistic) outlook, each competition ends with every contestant playing the air guitar “all at once to save the world.” For more than 20 years, people have traveled from around the globe to Oulu, Finland, to participate, but not without first winning their respective National Championships. In most years, there are about 10 National Championships, with participating nations including France, Thailand, Chile, and beyond. The 2025 event, which runs from August 20 to 22, will feature champions from eight countries — Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and the U.S. — alongside last year’s champion, Canada’s Zachary Knowles, and other top performers from the qualifying rounds.

Finland drinks more coffee than any other country.

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Above even such coffee-loving countries as Italy and the Netherlands, Finland drinks the most coffee per capita in the world. The average Finn consumes 26.5 pounds of the brew each year — nearly five pounds more than their closest (literally, in this case) competitors in Norway.

The 2020 event was canceled, but in 2021, a virtual event pitting past champions against each other crowned Justin “Nordic Thunder” Howard of Chicago the “Champion of Champions.” The 2021 event’s “air-judicators” judged performances using a 4.0 to 6.0 Olympic figure skating scale, with points awarded for technical merit, artistic impression, and “airness” — the latter being “the extent to which an air guitar performance exceeds the imitation of guitar playing and becomes an art form in and of itself.” Howard has been honing his skills — and winning competitions — since 2006, and according to his website, his mission is to share “his message of world peace, love, and understanding through invisible guitar licks and head-banging hair whips.”

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Finland’s ranking in the 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025 World Happiness Reports
1
Heavy metal bands per 100,000 people in Finland, the most of any country
42.6
Sale price of the most expensive guitar ever sold
$2.8 million
Percentage of Finns who live in Helsinki, the capital and largest city
27%

______’s Woodstock performance is credited with popularizing air guitar.

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Joe Cocker’s Woodstock performance is credited with popularizing air guitar.

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Finnish is considered one of the world’s most difficult languages to learn.

While standard Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are similar enough to be considered mutually intelligible, Finnish is part of the obscure Finno-Ugric language family, along with Hungarian and Estonian — three tongues with grammatical structures that make them notoriously difficult for non-native speakers to learn. That’s especially true of Finnish, which consistently ranks among the world’s most intimidating languages. If you find yourself trying to converse with a Finn, you may need to ask them, “Puhuisitteko hieman hitaammin?” (“Can you speak more slowly?”)

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by Jeremy Bishop/ Unsplash

Completed in approximately 2560 BCE and originally standing 481 feet tall, the Great Pyramid of Giza remains a marvel of human ingenuity thousands of years after it was built. The only one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing, it receives more than 14 million visitors per year. 

It must have been even more impressive when the Pharaoh Khufu (who reigned from roughly 2589 to 2566 BCE) had it constructed as his tomb, especially since it was the tallest structure in the world at the time — a title it held for more than 3,800 years. It wasn’t until Lincoln Cathedral was completed in Lincoln, England, in 1311 that the Great Pyramid dropped to the No. 2 spot, as the church stood at a height of 525 feet.

No one’s entirely sure how the pyramids were built.

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Though some consensus has formed on the basics, experts continue to debate exactly how the Egyptians constructed their most famous structures.

The cathedral’s reign lasted a comparatively short 237 years or so, as another church, St. Mary’s in Stralsund, Germany, topped it in either 1548 or 1549 when the Lincoln Cathedral’s central tower spire was destroyed by a storm, decreasing its overall height. Other buildings that have held the lofty title include the Washington Monument, Eiffel Tower, Empire State Building, and Taipei 101.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Stone blocks in the Great Pyramid
2.3 million
Surviving pyramids in Egypt
100+
Total height (in feet) of the Burj Khalifa
2,722
Years it took to build the Great Pyramid
~20

The world’s tallest structure is now ______.

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The world’s tallest structure is now the Burj Khalifa.

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Sudan has more pyramids than Egypt.

Though pyramids are practically synonymous with Egypt, the country’s southern neighbor, Sudan, actually contains more — approximately 255, compared to roughly 118 in Egypt. Considerably smaller and steeper than their Egyptian counterparts, those Sudanese pyramids were built by the “Black Pharaohs” of the Kushite kingdoms in modern-day Sudan between 2,700 and 2,300 years ago. Most are in Nubia, located within the Nile valley (hence they are known as the Nubian pyramids), and are made of granite and sandstone.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by 400tmax/ iStock

It’s generally a good idea to keep your distance from lions, which is why it’s reassuring to know that hearing one doesn’t necessarily mean it’s nearby. A lion’s roar is so loud, in fact, that it can be heard from more than 5 miles away. Reaching 114 decibels (about 25 times louder than a gas-powered lawn mower), the sound is louder than that of any other big cat — just one reason why the lion is known as the king of the jungle. They’re able to make such an imposing call thanks to their larynx: While most animals’ vocal cords are triangular, a lion’s are square and flat. This allows air to pass through more easily and results in a loud roar that requires relatively little effort on the lion’s part. 

Lions are the most social big-cat species.

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Whereas tigers, jaguars, and other big cats are known to be solitary, lions typically live in groups known as prides. Prides of African lions often consist of 3 to 30 members but can have as many as 40, including related females, their children, and a small number of males.

Lions aren’t the only animals that can be heard from long distances. Blue whales make the loudest sound of all, with males emitting a rumbling call that can reach 188 decibels and be heard by potential mates hundreds of miles away. The famous hyena “laugh,” meanwhile — actually a sound the animals make under stress — can reach a distance of 8 miles. Lions, blue whales, and hyenas would all be impressed by the mighty, tiny pistol shrimp, which shoots out bubbles to incapacitate its prey and in doing so creates a sound that can reach 218 decibels, louder than a gunshot. Fortunately for any humans that might be nearby, it lasts only a fraction of a second.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Weight (in pounds) of the largest lion ever recorded
827
Estimated number of lions living in the wild
23,000
Cat species larger than the lion (tigers)
1
Super Bowls won by the Detroit Lions
0

The Swahili word for lion is "______."

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The Swahili word for lion is "simba."

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Lions don’t need to drink water every day, but they do need to eat often.

Lions can go for days without drinking water, and get much of their moisture from prey and plants. They aren’t as resilient when it comes to food, however. They need to eat frequently, and typically consume about 17 to 20 pounds of food each day. Males can eat close to 100 pounds of food a day, while females can eat more than 55. Though mostly known for eating medium-sized hoofed animals such as zebras, antelopes, and wildebeest, lions are opportunistic hunters who will also dine on everything from mice and hares to lizards and tortoises.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by sorincolac/ iStock

Most people use eBay to buy and sell everything from baseball cards to old jewelry. In 2007, a man by the name of Gerrit Six tried selling something a bit larger: the country of Belgium. In a listing titled “For Sale: Belgium, a kingdom in three parts,” the Belgian citizen made light of a major political crisis involving disputes between the country’s French- and Dutch-speaking political parties by jokingly attempting to sell the Western European nation to the highest bidder. Suffice to say that the listing was taken down before anyone could claim Belgium for themselves. Asked why he did it, Six responded simply, “I wanted to attract attention.” Mission accomplished.

The company eBay launched with a different name.

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The website launched in 1995 as AuctionWeb, described at the time as “dedicated to bringing together buyers and sellers in an honest and open marketplace.” It was renamed eBay (a shortened version of founder Pierre Omidyar’s consulting firm, Echo Bay) in September 1997.

Belgium is hardly the only strange thing to be listed on eBay, let alone sold. A corn flake shaped like Illinois went for $1,350 in 2008, a suit of guinea pig armor fetched $24,300 in 2013, and one buyer bid $55,000 for a ghost in a jar before later backing out of the deal. “Buyer beware,” indeed.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Population of Belgium
11.6 million
Sale price of the Gigayacht, the most expensive item ever sold on eBay
$168 million
Official languages in Belgium (French, Dutch, and German)
3
Listings on eBay as of 2021
1.7 billion

The first item sold on eBay was a ______.

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The first item sold on eBay was a broken laser pointer.

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We have a Belgian to thank for the big bang theory.

Though sometimes attributed to Edwin Hubble, the big bang theory can more accurately be traced to priest, astronomer, and cosmologist Georges Lemaître. When Lemaître began working on his ideas in the late 1920s, most models of the universe showed it as static (nonexpanding). Yet Lemaître was intrigued by data showing that other galaxies were speeding away from us — and the farther away from us they were, the faster they moved. In 1927, Lemaître posited that the universe’s expansion could be the result of a single point exploding at a specific moment, an event he referred to as both “the primeval atom” and “the cosmic egg.” His paper, which carried the rather lengthy title “Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extragalactiques” (translated in 1931 as “A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius Accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-galactic Nebulæ”) initially drew little notice but eventually helped shape our ever-evolving understanding of the universe.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Illustration by Diana Gerstacker; Photo by Catherine Falls Commercial/ Getty Images

We know and love it as the 10th letter of the alphabet, but good old “j” was actually late to the ABCs party — every other letter was added first. Its placement between “i” and “k” is explained by the fact that it began as a swash, or typographical flourish used to embellish “i,” usually at the end of a Roman numeral. Take “XIIJ,” or 13, for instance: In this case, the “J” is used in place of a third “I” to signify that a series of ones has reached its end. And for many years, “i” and “j” were used interchangeably to write both the vowel and consonant sounds, in words like “ice” or “January.”

“A” is the most commonly used letter in the English language.

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It’s actually “e,” which appears in 11.1% of all words in English (or at least in the main entries of the Concise Oxford Dictionary). “A” is next at 8.5%, followed by “r” at 7.6%. The least common is “q,” which appears in just 0.2% of the dictionary’s entries.

We have the Italian writer and scholar Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478–1550) to thank for giving “j” its much-deserved place at the table. He did so in a 1524 text called Epistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua italiana (“Trissino’s epistle about the letters recently added in the Italian language”), which marked the first time “i” and “j” were distinguished as separate letters. As with much else in European history, this ultimately relates to Jesus: Distinguishing the soft “j” sound helped Trissino decide that the Greek word Iesus, a translation of the Hebrew Yeshua, should be spelled — and pronounced — the way it is today. Yet it would take centuries for the letters “i” and “j” to fully differentiate; as late as 1755, the great lexicographer Samuel Johnson still referred to “j” as a variant of “i.”

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Letters in Khmer, the alphabet with the most letters according to Guinness World Records
74
Value of Roman numeral D
500
Letters in “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis,” one of the longest words in English
45
English words that begin with the letter “J,” according to Wordfinders.com
1,414

The former 27th letter of the alphabet was the ______.

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The former 27th letter of the alphabet was the ampersand.

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The dot over “i” and “j” is called a “tittle.”

We tend to think that languages like French and Arabic have lots of diacritical marks, better known as accents, while English is comparatively unadorned. In fact, only the lowercase “i” and “j” have them — and they’re called “tittles.” The word comes to us from the Latin titulus, which means “inscription” or “heading,” and dates back to the 11th century. Since “i” and “j” look similar to other letters with vertical strokes, the tittle was added to differentiate them and eliminate confusion.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by NASA/ Unsplash

At a glance, the universe looks pretty well organized, with perfectly spherical planets orbiting in concentric circles around a glowing orb. But things are a lot more complicated in reality. For example, while our Earth looks like a sphere when viewed from space, it’s actually an irregularly shaped ellipsoid (think a flattened sphere) because of the centrifugal force of its rotation. And its weirdness doesn’t stop there: The precise shape of the Earth is also changing all the time.

Christopher Columbus proved that the Earth was round.

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Christopher Columbus — along with most of the Western world — knew the Earth was round in 1492. It had actually been a known fact for close to 2,000 years. Beloved American writer Washington Irving created this myth in 1828 when he published a biography of the Italian explorer.

Many things affect the shape of the Earth. The drifting of tectonic plates form entirely new landmasses, and the Earth’s crust is still rebounding from the last ice age 16,000 years ago. While these minute adjustments go mostly unseen, other shape-altering events — such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and asteroid strikes (RIP to our Cretaceous friends) — are hard to miss. But the Earth also changes shape by the hour, and humans can watch it happen … sort of. Every day (roughly), the Earth experiences two periods of high and low tide, where the gravitational effects of the moon and sun affect the movement of our oceans, and as a result, the shape of the planet, if only temporarily. So even if the Earth’s shape isn’t exactly perfect, it's certainly dynamic.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Year Sir Isaac Newton theorized that the Earth wasn’t a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid
1687
Distance (in feet) by which the equator is “fatter” than the Earth from pole to pole
70,000
Size (in square miles) of the Earth’s largest tectonic plate, which formed the Hawaiian Islands
39,768,522
Time (in minutes) it takes for tides to go from low to high (and vice versa)
372.5

The scientific field that measures and monitors the shape of the Earth is called ______.

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The scientific field that measures and monitors the shape of the Earth is called geodesy.

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The Earth’s orbit around the sun also changes shape over time.

All planets travel in an ellipse around the sun, and the amount this elliptical journey departs from a perfect circle (represented by the value “0”) is known as an orbit’s “eccentricity.” This elliptical orbit means the Earth is closer to and farther from the sun at certain times of the year. Perhaps counterintuitively, the Earth’s closest approach to the sun, also known as its perihelion, occurs in early January, and its farthest distance (aphelion) happens in early July. Over the course of roughly 100,000 years, due to gravitational forces, the Earth’s orbit will fluctuate between almost 0 and 0.07 (which is still a nearly imperceptible ellipse). But these small numbers are much bigger when multiplied by the size of the solar system. Currently, the Earth at only about 0.017 eccentricity is enough to make the planet 3.1 million miles closer to the sun at perihelion compared to aphelion. Still, that difference isn’t enough to affect the seasons on Earth — those are caused by the planet’s axial tilt, and not the relatively small changes in our planet’s distance from the giant ball of gas at the center of our solar system.

Darren Orf
Writer

Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.

Original photo by Mark Spowart/ Alamy Stock Photo

Of all the North American cities with multiple major sports teams, Pittsburgh is the only one where each of the teams shares the same primary color scheme. The Pirates (MLB), Steelers (NFL), and Penguins (NHL) all wear standard black-and-gold home and away uniforms, although exceptions are made for the occasional alternate uniform. This choice was inspired by the colors of Pittsburgh’s official seal, which itself is based on the family coat of arms of the city’s namesake, William Pitt the Elder. 

The trend began with a defunct NHL team known as the Pittsburgh Pirates, who played from 1925 to 1930, changing their colors to blue and gold in 1928 before ultimately moving to Philadelphia. In 1933, the Steelers (also known as the Pirates at the time) adopted the black-and-gold color scheme during their inaugural season, and has kept it ever since.

Pittsburgh was officially spelled without an “h” from 1891 to 1911.

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In its original 1816 charter, Pittsburgh was spelled with an “h.” But in 1891, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names mandated all places ending in “-burgh” drop the “h,” so the city officially became “Pittsburg.” Many locals refused to comply, and the board reversed its decision after 20 years.

In 1948, the Pirates of Major League Baseball — who previously wore red, white, and blue uniforms — switched to black and gold as well. As a Pittsburgh Press article of the time read, “The Pirates’ colors now will be gold and black, colors of the city of Pittsburgh itself.” Finally, when the Penguins joined the NHL in 1967, they primarily wore powder blue, although their original logo still prominently featured black and gold. In 1980, that team also went all in on black and gold to be more in line with the city standard.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Bridges located in the city of Pittsburgh
446
Super Bowls won by the Pittsburgh Steelers
6
Inclined railways operating in the city of Pittsburgh
2
Number worn by Pirates legend Roberto Clemente
21

The Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers merge in Pittsburgh to create the ______ River.

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The Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers merge in Pittsburgh to create the Ohio River.

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The first digital emoticon was created in Pittsburgh.

On September 19, 1982, Carnegie Mellon University computer scientist Scott Fahlman created the first digital emoticon — a series of keyboard characters meant to represent a human facial expression, such as 😉 for winking. Fahlman was looking for ways to distinguish lighthearted online message board posts of a jokey nature from serious ones when communicating with his fellow computer scientists. He offered a potential solution: “I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers: :-)” and he also suggested a frowny face for “things that are NOT jokes.”

Before long, the idea caught on not just among those in Fahlman’s department, but throughout the university and at other campuses nationwide. Soon it was embraced by the general populace, and emoticons became engrained in everyday conversation. The late 1990s saw the creation of the similar yet more elaborate animated emoji, which today has largely superseded the emoticon in most online communication.

Bennett Kleinman
Staff Writer

Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Inbox Studio, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.

Original photo by Delmaine Donson/ iStock

When Marsh Supermarket cashier Sharon Buchanan rang up a 10-pack of Juicy Fruit on June 26, 1974, and heard a telltale beep, her face must have registered relief. Buchanan’s co-workers at the grocery store in Troy, Ohio, had placed barcodes on hundreds of items the night before, as the National Cash Register Company installed the shop’s new computers and scanners. Buchanan’s “customer” for that first purchase was Clyde Dawson, the head of research and development at Marsh Supermarkets, Inc. For that fateful checkout, Dawson chose the gum, made by the Wrigley Company, because some had wondered if the machine would have trouble reading the item’s very small barcode. It didn’t. Today, one of Marsh’s earliest scanners is part of the Smithsonian Museum of American History.

Retired New York Yankees center fielder Bernie Williams helped set a gum-related world record.

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To raise awareness for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Williams hosted the largest meetup of people blowing a chewing gum bubble simultaneously. All 881 participants held their bubbles for at least 30 seconds. The 2018 event took place at a Minor League Baseball park in New Jersey.

The origins of the barcode, meanwhile, date back to January 1949. That’s when a young mechanical engineer, N. Joseph Woodland, came up with the idea for the tool while drawing in the Miami Beach sand. Bernard “Bob” Silver — a postgraduate student at Woodland’s alma mater, Drexel Institute of Technology — had told Woodland about a supermarket manager who approached the school, desperate for a way to check out shoppers at a faster pace. The duo collaborated on a patent for a bullseye-shaped barcode, which was approved in 1952. Yet they couldn’t come up with a practical device for reading the information it held — the laser wasn’t invented until 1958, and initial versions of the scanner were huge and cumbersome — so they sold their patent for $15,000. Woodland later moved to IBM, and in 1973, his colleague George Laurer succeeded in perfecting the scannable barcode, in part by finally putting a printer-friendly, rectangular model into production. Today, more than 5 billion barcodes are scanned daily, and some of them are still Juicy Fruit gum.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Estimated number of Americans who chewed gum in 2020
160 million
World’s largest collection of chewing gum packets (collected by Grzegorz Materna of Warsaw, Poland)
13,539
Length (in feet) of the longest gum wrapper chain, which a Virginia teacher began making in 1965
106,810
Estimated pieces of discarded gum lining the walls of Bubblegum Alley in San Luis Obispo, California
2 million

On electronic boarding passes, airlines use ______ codes, named after the Mesoamerican civilization.

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On electronic boarding passes, airlines use Aztec codes, named after the Mesoamerican civilization.

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Selling chewing gum is mostly banned in Singapore.

The lasting influence of the island’s first prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew (in office 1959 to 1990), led to this quirky law — which has managed to stick for 29 years. Early in his tenure, when Singapore separated from Malaysia to become sovereign, Lee dreamed of making his young city-state a scenic travel locale. Thus he launched his “Keep Singapore Clean” initiative in 1968, which included strict anti-littering regulations. Spitting, feeding pigeons, or neglecting to flush a public toilet can also result in fines, and since 1992, stocking or importing gum can set a business back up to $100,000 and translate to prison time. Visitors to Singapore are allowed to bring small amounts of gum into the country for their personal use, however. And thanks to 2004’s U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, pharmacists (and pharmacists alone) are able to sell “medicinal” and “dental” gum products, such as Nicorette (and, somehow, sugar-free gum), to customers who submit their names and ID card numbers. Still, all chewed gum should be tossed in a trash can.

Jenna Marotta
Writer

Jenna is a writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times, The Hollywood Reporter, and New York Magazine.