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Michel Lotito was a French entertainer renowned for his unusual diet, earning him the nickname “Monsieur Mangetout” (“Mr. Eat-it-All”). He was known to consume bicycles, TV sets, and other items made of metal and glass. In a 1978 interview with Canadian newspaper The Leader-Post, the man with the seemingly iron stomach claimed to have eaten his first piece of glass in a swimming pool at the age of 16 before going on to eat “plates, nails, and bottles — all to win bets.” He later carved out a career eating indigestible objects for others’ amusement.

One man has eaten more than 34,000 McDonald’s Big Macs.

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Donald Gorske is a McDonald’s superfan who has consumed more than 34,000 Big Macs. The Wisconsinite ate his first Big Mac on May 17, 1972, and loved it so much that he ate eight more that day alone. In 1999, he set the Guinness World Record for most Big Macs eaten in a lifetime (15,490).

On one occasion in 1978, Lotito ate 15 pounds of a bicycle over the course of 12 days for $5,000 (around $24,000 today), washing it down with 10 bottles of mineral oil and 100 razor blades on the side. To digest these materials, Lotito chopped the metal items into tiny pellets, stretched his meals out over multiple days, and drank plenty of water. Newspapers also reported on Lotito’s ability to consume TV sets, and he once ate a whole waterbed to help promote a Texas-based furniture company.

However, Lotito’s most awe-inspiring feat, if true, was his claim to have consumed an entire Cessna 150 aircraft between 1978 and 1980 — an achievement confirmed by Guinness World Records but deemed unverifiable (though possible) by Snopes. Lotito maintained the truth of this claim until he died of natural causes in 2006, and in a 1999 interview with journalist Ben Sherwood, he purported the plane’s rubber tires to be the least appetizing part of the aircraft.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Most hot dogs consumed in a single Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest
76
Ounces of steak once eaten by one woman in just 20 minutes
216
Altitude (in feet) of the highest recorded dinner party
23,149
Year the Schwinn Bicycle Company was founded
1895

The first meal in space was ______.

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The first meal in space was beef and liver paste.

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A woman traveled more than 86,000 miles by bicycle in a single year.

Amanda Coker is an endurance cyclist who currently holds the record for the greatest distance cycled in a single year by either a woman or a man. She covered 86,573.2 miles between May 15, 2016, and May 14, 2017, averaging 237.19 miles each day. She largely achieved the record by cycling through the same 7-mile stretch of paved trails in Flatwoods Conservation Park near Tampa, Florida, where Coker usually spent more than 12 hours a day pedaling away.

She continued on until July 11, 2017, in an effort to become the fastest person to complete 100,000 miles. Coker finally accomplished the feat after 423 days, shattering legendary cyclist Tommy Godwin’s 500-day record set back in 1940. On October 23, 2021, Coker also became the first recorded female cyclist to break 500 miles in 24 hours, riding a whopping 512.5 miles in that brief time frame.

Bennett Kleinman
Staff Writer

Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Optimism Media, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.

Original photo by Ridho Arifuddin/ Shutterstock

Although ants rarely appear on the menu in the United States, it’s a different story in other parts of the world. Countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America — not to mention Mexico in North America — all have traditional dishes or ingredient blends that contain ants. In Laos, weaver ants add an acidic tang to fish soups, while in Mexico, fried leaf-cutting ants are a fixture at local markets. Although both larvae and adult ants can be eaten, the former is usually more appetizing; adult ants contain less flavor, though they are richer in protein. Ants also contain fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and phosphorus. In other words, ants might just count as a superfood.

Crickets are the most common insect food.

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Although crickets are a delicacy around the world (especially in Mexico), the most commonly consumed insect is the beetle. Many species are rich in protein and vitamins, and more than 650 species have been recorded as being eaten by humans.

Nutrition aside, perhaps the most convincing reason people might consider adding ants — and other insects — to their diet is the low environmental impact of consuming these creatures. Compared to conventional livestock farming, which may produce around 17% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, raising insects for consumption produces less emissions, uses less land, and provides other benefits, such as pollination and waste decomposition. Even substituting corn-based animal feed with insects could take a significant bite out of the agricultural industry’s carbon footprint. With the world’s population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, some experts argue that a green-friendly source of protein and vitamins shouldn’t be ignored — even if some people will still need to get past that unappetizing “ick” factor. 

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Estimated number of people around the world who eat insects on a regular basis
2 billion
Speed (in mph) at which the Dracula ant can snap its jaws, the fastest movement found in any animal
200
Size (in inches) of the world’s largest ant, the giant Amazonian ant
1.6
Estimated number of insect species eaten by humans around the world
2,000

The technical word for eating insects is “______.”

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The technical word for eating insects is “entomophagy.”

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The world’s most painful sting belongs to a South American ant.

Think of the most painful sting in the world, and the infamous “murder hornet” might come to mind. However, the record for the most painful sting from an animal belongs to the bullet ant (Paraponera clavata). The bite of these tiny creatures, native to parts of Central and South America, contains poneratoxin — a paralyzing toxic peptide that reportedly feels like “walking over flaming charcoal with a 3-inch nail embedded in your heel.” That’s according to American entomologist Dr. Justin Schmidt, nicknamed “the King of Sting,” who allowed a variety of species to sting him and then rated the results on a four-point scale in a pain index published in 1983. The effects of a bullet ant’s sting last around 12 to 24 hours and can include sweating, shaking, goosebumps, nausea, and vomiting — but thankfully not death.

Darren Orf
Writer

Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.

Original photo by Yana Tikhonova/ iStock

Like sanitation workers, human pet-food testers have a job that inspires a certain degree of stomach-churning but nevertheless provides a valuable service. Think about it: Some 87 million U.S. households own at least one pet, which means there's a bustling industry for nutritional products that keep our animal companions happy and healthy. And since Fido isn't likely to elaborate on how his breakfast tastes (satisfying crunch, but a little too much salmon?), the onus is on the two-legged testers to deliver more insightful evaluations.    

Pet food stamped with a "human grade" label should be produced at a facility licensed to prepare human food.

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According to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), pet food labeled "human grade" must be "stored, handled, processed, and transported" in a manner compliant with federal human food laws, while clearly indicating that the food is meant for pet consumption.

As such, pet-food testing is a multifaceted role that requires attention to particulars and strong communication skills. Obviously, the products need to be taken into the mouth for tasting, and while some testers claim to actually enjoy eating the food, most simply spit it out after chewing for several seconds. From there, the tester provides detailed reports on the nuances of aroma, flavoring, and texture. They also may be involved in the development of new food formulas and production methodology. It’s a job that requires a distinct set of skills rather than a set education: While a degree in a culinary-related discipline such as nutrition science may help, it’s more important for a would-be employee to demonstrate a passion for the process and a clear ability to differentiate between mouthfuls of gravy chicken chunks from plates A and B.

The pros of this career choice include apparently high levels of job satisfaction: "No two days are ever the same," noted one longtime taster, who added that he derived joy from helping pets "become happier and healthier." And the pay isn't too shabby, either, with reports of a salary that can soar to over $100K for experienced testers. The cons? Quality ingredients or not, you're still required to dig into food you probably wouldn't touch otherwise. But if you're looking for a new source of income, and figure you can better tolerate a steady diet of cold meats compared to cold calls, then this may be the job for you.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Dollars spent on pet food and treats by U.S. consumers in 2022
58.1 billion
Daily recommended grams of crude protein for a 33-pound adult dog
25
Taste buds on the tongue of an average cat
473
Percentage of pet owners who have eaten pet food, per a 2020 survey
8

The first canned dog food appeared in the U.S. in the 1920s under the brand name ______.

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The first canned dog food appeared in the U.S. in the 1920s under the brand name Ken-L-Ration.

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Yes, pet food is also tested by actual pets.

For all the hoopla over human testers digging into bowls of pet chow, animals continue to hold down a vital place in the food-testing chain for many companies. Although these participants lack the means for detailed analysis, there are tried-and-true methods for determining how well a particular meal might fare on the marketplace using data they provide. Most common are the one-bowl method, which measures how much food is eaten from identical portions of different products over multiple days, and the two-bowl method, in which animals choose between the competing options presented. More complex systems are also used, including one in which dogs are permitted to smell food-filled toys and then indicate their preference when the toys are placed in a random order before them. As with all products that involve animal testing, there are ethical concerns about the treatment of creatures that essentially spend their lives inside pet-food facilities, although this issue is at least partially offset by companies that offer test-at-home programs for owners and their pets.

Tim Ott
Writer

Tim Ott has written for sites including Biography.com, History.com, and MLB.com, and is known to delude himself into thinking he can craft a marketable screenplay.

Original photo by sveta_zarzamora/ iStock

The circus brought death-defying performers and exotic animals across the American landscape in the 1800s, but it also introduced something a little sweeter: pink lemonade. There are two origin stories for the rose-tinted drink, both involving the big top. One version, revealed in a 1912 obituary, credits the invention to Chicago saloonkeeper, theatrical promoter, gambler, and circus vendor Henry E. Allott. After running off to join the circus at age 15, Allott accidentally dropped some red cinnamon candies into a tub of traditional lemonade, only to find that the new mixture was a hit with concession-stand customers.

Pink lemons produce pink-colored juice.

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Named for the color of their flesh, pink lemons yield a clear-colored liquid.

The alternate and more colorful version of the drink’s dawn comes courtesy of an innovative clown named Pete Conklin circa 1857. Fed up with his wages, Conklin renounced the bells and sequins, and instead followed the circus as a lemonade vendor while his former co-workers wound their way through Texas. During one hot day, Conklin was dismayed to find he had run out of water as his parched customers demanded something to drink. Scouring the lot for replenishment, he dashed into the changing tent of bareback horse rider Fannie Jamieson, who was washing her red tights in a bin of water. Conklin grabbed the bin, its contents colored pink by the garment's aniline dye, and after dumping in the usual sugar and soggy lemon, he unveiled his new “strawberry lemonade” to an appreciative crowd. This story was later confirmed by Conklin’s lion-tamer brother George, and while it may be a tall tale regardless, it’s the type that goes down well when accompanied by a tall glass of our favorite pink beverage.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Tablespoons of juice produced by one medium-sized lemon
2-3
Average salary of a U.S. circus clown in 2023
$55,632
Calories in 8 ounces of Tropicana Pink Lemonade
100
Year the band Closure in Moscow released their album “Pink Lemonade”
2014

The Jewish community of medieval Egypt drank a proto-lemonade of lemon juice and sugar called “______.”

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The Jewish community of medieval Egypt drank a proto-lemonade of lemon juice and sugar called “qatarmizat.”

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Circus peanuts were used to create a famous breakfast cereal.

Circus peanuts likely didn’t originate at the circus, and their murky origins are just one of the many mysteries surrounding the banana-flavored marshmallow treat that ostensibly has something to do with peanuts. Fortunately, there is one thing we know for certain about this holdover from 19th-century penny candy bins. According to General Mills, a product developer named John Holahan decided to mix chopped-up circus peanuts with Cheerios while experimenting with new cereal ideas in the early 1960s. The result was the marshmallow-oat mix that became Lucky Charms, another food product with a name that offers no clue to its content, but nevertheless has endured as a staple of American culture.

Tim Ott
Writer

Tim Ott has written for sites including Biography.com, History.com, and MLB.com, and is known to delude himself into thinking he can craft a marketable screenplay.

Credit: BlackFarm/ Shutterstock

Despite their near ubiquity — they’re found in every ocean except the Arctic and Antarctic — stingrays remain enigmatic creatures. In fact, it was only recently discovered that one type of stingray, the cownose ray, appears to use its distinctive tail as an antenna to sense danger. That information comes to us from a 2025 paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society by Júlia Chaumel and George V. Lauder, who write that the tails are “able to detect water disturbances resulting from prey, predators, body movements, and near body flow dynamics.”

Stingrays don't have bones.

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Their skeleton is made up entirely of fibrous cartilage. They’re sometimes referred to as cartilaginous fish, as are sharks.

For most types of stingrays, it has long been known that their tails are used to defend against would-be predators such as sharks. But in the Myliobatiformes order, which includes manta rays, devil rays, and cownose rays, the purpose of the tail was not previously clear. The study focused on cownose rays, whose tails are made up of stiff tissue covered in small holes; 3D scans revealed these holes are connected to the lateral line canal, a series of sensory organs that extend the length of the ray’s body, including receptors in its skin that detect movement. That’s especially useful for cownose rays, which bury their heads in the sand to feed on burrowing bivalves. Lacking eyes in the back of their heads, they rely on their antennae-like tails to warn them of incoming predators before it’s too late.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Maximum number of rays in a fever
10,000
Years a stingray typically lives in the wild
15-25
Weight (in pounds) of a stingray found in Cambodia in 2022
661
Years stingrays have been on Earth
150 million

A group of stingrays is called a ______.

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A group of stingrays is called a fever.

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Rays and skates have one important distinction.

Though they look nearly identical to the untrained eye, rays and skates have a key distinction: Skates are oviparous and rays are ovoviviparous, meaning skates lay eggs and rays give birth to live babies.

Female stingrays typically give birth once a year to around two to 13 babies at a time, depending on the species. The infants, known as pups, are quite developed (and, it must be said, cute) at the time of their birth. Rays are also larger and have spines, whereas skates are characterized by their fleshy tails and lack of spines.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by tofino/ Alamy Stock Photo

You may not know it by name, but you’re almost certainly familiar with Salvador Dalí’s best-known work, “The Persistence of Memory,” which depicts melting clocks on a bleak landscape. No less famous, albeit in an entirely different way, is the Chupa Chups logo — which Dalí also designed. While the idea of a surrealist collaborating with a lollipop company may sound odd, it begins to make sense when you learn a bit more about the eccentric artist — starting with the fact that he was close friends with Chupa Chups founder Enric Bernat, a fellow Spaniard.

Salvador Dalí had a pet anteater.

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In addition to his beloved anteater, whom he was fond of taking on walks through the streets of Paris, Dalí also had a pet ocelot named Babou. One supposes cats and dogs weren’t surreal enough to strike his fancy.

The two met at a café one day in 1969, with Bernat making Dalí aware of his need for a logo and the world-renowned artist quickly taking care of it for him. He did so with great intention, of course: “Acutely aware of presentation, Dalí insisted that his design be placed on top of the lolly, rather than the side, so that it could always be viewed intact,” Phaidon notes. Dalí reportedly designed the instantly recognizable daisy-based logo in less than an hour on that fateful day, and it’s still in use decades — not to mention billions of sales — later.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Dalí’s age when he completed “Landscape of Figueres,” his first known painting
6
Chupa Chups flavors
100+
Weight (in pounds) of the largest Chupa Chups lollipop ever made
1.6
Estimated top value of “The Persistence of Memory”
$150 million

Chupa Chups was originally going to be named ______.

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Chupa Chups was originally going to be named Gol.

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Dalí believed he was the reincarnation of his brother.

To call Salvador Dalí eccentric would be an understatement, and many of his more out-there qualities were present from an early age. This includes his firmly held belief that he was the reincarnation of his brother, who was also named Salvador and died nine months before the younger Salvador was born. He didn’t come up with the idea himself — his parents impressed it upon him when he was 5 years old — but neither did he ever grow out of it. In 1963, when Dalí was around 59, he painted “Portrait of My Dead Brother” in memory of his sibling.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by Pavel1964/ Shutterstock

Marathons are one of the most difficult tests of human endurance ever devised. Training your body to run 26.2 miles requires constant practice and determination. Running a marathon at midnight would seem to make a hard task even harder, but that’s exactly what happens every June in the Norwegian town of Tromsø, one of the world’s northernmost cities. Thankfully, its position some 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle gives the marathoners a distinct advantage — because even in the middle of the night when the race takes place, the sun is still shining in Tromsø.

Norway has more Winter Olympic medals than any other country.

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Norway is the Winter Olympics king. The Scandinavian country has more than 400 medals — 75 more than the U.S. in second place. It certainly helps that Norway essentially invented skiing, including events like ski jumping and slalom.

From May 21 to July 21, Tromsø experiences constant daylight, meaning that one “day” technically lasts around 1,600 hours. This particular race, fittingly named the Midnight Sun Marathon, draws some 6,000 participants and takes place around the summer solstice, when the sun’s vertical rays strike their northernmost position over the Tropic of Cancer. Tromsø — and other cities and towns north of the Arctic Circle — experience these long stretches of day in the summer (and long stretches of night in winter) because of the Earth’s axial tilt. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun during the northern summer, and these northern cities catch the sun’s rays even when the star is shining on the other side of the Earth. But while the Midnight Sun Marathon is certainly a special event, Tromsø has no plans for some sort of “High Noon Moon” marathon during the winter solstice. That’s probably a good idea, since daytime highs in December never reach north of freezing temperatures.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Pace (in minutes and seconds per mile) of the record-breaking marathon run by Kelvin Kiptum in 2023
4:36
Percentage of Norwegians who support the country’s constitutional monarchy, per a 2017 survey
80%
Tilt (in degrees) of the Earth’s axis
23.5
Year a messenger ran about 25 miles to Athens to report Persian defeat at the Battle of Marathon (per legend)
490 BCE

The world’s northernmost town is ______, located on Norway’s Svalbard archipelago.

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The world’s northernmost town is Longyearbyen, located on Norway’s Svalbard archipelago.

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Norway has more electric cars per capita than any other country.

Norway is one of the most advanced countries in the world, and when it comes to tackling climate change, it doesn’t take a back seat. In fact, Norway has the highest percentage of electric cars on the road compared to any other country. A 2021 survey found that of all the cars on Norway’s roads, 15.5% of them were electric vehicles (EVs). To put that in perspective, in the Netherlands — the country with the second-highest EV adoption — electric vehicles made up only about 2.8% of cars on the road. Since then, Norway’s numbers have only improved. The New York Times reports that in 2022, 80% of all vehicles sold in Norway were electric cars, by far the highest of any country. Norway is so ahead of the electrification game (by some estimates a full decade ahead of the U.S.) primarily because it began investing in battery-powered vehicles in the 1990s and heavily subsidized the construction of fast chargers and the adoption of EVs more generally.

Darren Orf
Writer

Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.

Original photo by South_agency/ E via Getty Images

A grandson of Napoleon Bonaparte's younger brother Jérôme, Charles Bonaparte lacked his famous relative's ambition for world domination yet displayed a talent for visionary authority that might have impressed the Little Corporal. In the late 19th century, Charles Bonaparte, then a lawyer from Baltimore, came into the orbit of fast-rising New York politician Theodore Roosevelt through their shared interest in civil service reform. Bonaparte later became President Roosevelt's secretary of the Navy and then attorney general, a position that thrust "Charlie the Crook Chaser" into the spotlight as a face of the administration's trust-busting efforts. 

Walt Disney was an informant for the FBI.

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From 1940 until his death in 1966, Disney reportedly relayed information about Hollywood's suspected communists and political subversives to the FBI, for which he was rewarded with permission to shoot "The Mickey Mouse Club" at the bureau's Washington, D.C., office in 1956.

Behind the scenes, the attorney general fumed at the lack of an established investigative team within the Department of Justice, which often led to the borrowing of spare Secret Service agents from the Treasury Department for investigating cases that involved federal law. Congressional leaders also frowned on what they felt was becoming an overreach of the executive branch, and in May 1908, Congress passed a bill that halted the DOJ's ability to commandeer Secret Service personnel. Seizing the opportunity, Bonaparte culled together a "special agent force" of 31 detectives, and on July 26, 1908, he issued an order that directed DOJ attorneys to refer investigative matters to his chief examiner, Stanley Finch.

Bonaparte's oversight of this unit was short-lived, as he exited the federal government at the end of the Roosevelt administration in March 1909. Nevertheless, his special agent force remained in place under new Attorney General George Wickersham, who began referring to the group as the Bureau of Investigation. By 1935, the now-renamed Federal Bureau of Investigation was firmly embedded as a U.S. law-enforcement institution under director J. Edgar Hoover, another authoritarian presence who surely would have piqued the interest of the former French emperor.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Full-time FBI directors since the agency’s founding in 1908
12
Year the FBI debuted its “10 Most Wanted Fugitives” list
1950
FBI field offices throughout the United States
56
Worldwide gross of the 2004 film “Napoleon Dynamite”
$46 million

The motto of the FBI is “______.”

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The motto of the FBI is “Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity.”

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Other descendants of the Bonaparte lineage have found success in science, the arts, and finance.

Like the FBI’s founding figure, other members of the Bonaparte family tree managed to forge their own distinguished careers in the outsized shadow of the esteemed military commander. The best-known is Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, who became president of France in 1848 before taking a page from his uncle and claiming absolute power for 18 years as Emperor Napoleon III. Another nephew, Charles-Lucien Bonaparte, eschewed military glory to become a renowned expert on birds, as illustrated by his four-volume American Ornithology. More recently, René Auberjonois, a descendant of Napoleon’s sister Caroline, enjoyed a long run as a successful character actor in Hollywood, highlighted by roles in Benson and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. And while it’s highly unlikely the French monarchy will be restored, the current head of the once-royal family, Napoleon’s great-great-great-nephew Jean-Christophe Napoleon Bonaparte, seems to be getting along just fine as the managing partner of a private equity firm.

Tim Ott
Writer

Tim Ott has written for sites including Biography.com, History.com, and MLB.com, and is known to delude himself into thinking he can craft a marketable screenplay.

Original photo by Svetlana Rey/ Shutterstock

Cats can do a lot of things their human friends can’t: They can purr, sleep all day without consequence, and jump up to six times their own height in a single leap. But perhaps most impressive of all is their ability to see ultraviolet light thanks to UV-transparent lenses in their eyes that allow UV light to reach their retinas. This will come as little surprise to anyone who’s ever noticed their cat staring at seemingly nothing for minutes at a time, but it’s a fascinating insight into how our feline friends view the world all the same. In fact, their UV vision actually allows them to see their prey’s urine trail while hunting and distinguish between their prey and a similarly colored background. 

Cats have more bones than humans.

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Cats have 230 bones in their body, while adult humans have a mere 206 — perhaps yet another reason our furry companions feel so superior to us.

This ability may not help your housecat in any practical ways on a daily basis, as being fed from a can doesn’t require much in the way of hunting, but it’s still a cool evolutionary trick. And cats aren’t the only animals with this ability. Bees, birds, reindeer, and mice have this enhanced vision as well, though for some of them it comes with the trade-off of not being able to see the color red.

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Types of ultraviolet light (UVA, UVB, UVC)
3
Percentage of shared DNA between tigers and cats
95.6%
Record for the most toes on a single cat (most cats have 18)
28
Known mammals other than cats that can’t taste sweetness
7

The technical term for someone who loves cats is ______.

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The technical term for someone who loves cats is ailurophile.

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Humans have kept cats as pets for at least 9,500 years.

When we think of cats in the ancient world, Egypt tends to come to mind first. Egyptians considered felines sacred and some even mummified their pets, but they weren’t the first to hold cats in such high regard. There’s evidence to suggest they were beaten to the punch by at least 4,000 years: A grave in Cyprus dating back some 9,500 years contained the remains of a human and cat alongside decorative objects such as seashells and polished stones.

Cats aren’t native to the island, meaning they must have been brought there by humans — perhaps “on a kind of Noah’s ark,” as archaeologist Melinda Zeder told National Geographic, theorizing that a number of non-native animals were transported to Cyprus.

Michael Nordine
Staff Writer

Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.

Original photo by Planet Volumes/ Unsplash+

On October 13, 2023, NASA launched a spacecraft on a six-year journey to reach a metal-rich asteroid known as Psyche, nestled between Mars and Jupiter. The mission’s primary goal is to understand the building blocks of planet formation by analyzing Psyche’s iron composition. But another technology demonstration piggybacked on the mission: The Deep Space Optical Communications experiment used an onboard flight laser transceiver to phone ultra-high definition video back to Earth, as part of an attempt to improve data-beaming capabilities.

Charlie Chaplin created the world’s first cat film.

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Thomas Edison created the first cat film when he released “The Boxing Cats” in 1894. Edison made the film using his kinetograph, a kind of proto-camera.

During those experiments, on December 11, 2023, NASA streamed a preloaded 15-second test video from the spacecraft back to Earth — a journey of some 19 million miles. After 101 seconds, NASA received the high-res video, which displayed graphics including the spacecraft’s orbital path and technical information about the laser system. But the star of the show was undeniably an orange tabby named Taters, the feline companion of a NASA employee, who spent his 15 seconds of fame chasing a laser pointer on a couch. (The technical graphics were superimposed over Tater’s antics.) According to NASA, the successful demonstration proved that such technologies will be “essential to achieving our future exploration and science goals.” After all, Martian astronauts need to binge-watch cat videos, too. 

Numbers Don't Lie

Numbers Don't Lie

Number of hours it takes NASA to contact Voyager 1, the farthest spacecraft from Earth
22.5
YouTube views (as of April 2022) of a ragdoll cat named Puff, the most-viewed cat in history
7.5 billion
Year the first human transmission left the ionosphere and returned to Earth
1954
Max distance (in miles) of the Earth from the asteroid Psyche
372 million

______ are the first and only known animals that can survive exposure to space.

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Tardigrades are the first and only known animals that can survive exposure to space.

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Lasers wouldn’t exist today without the work of Albert Einstein.

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, otherwise known as lasers, were first developed in the 1960s and subsequently transformed technology. However, their groundbreaking advancements would not have been possible without Albert Einstein. Although this former patent clerk and all-around genius is best known for his theory of general relativity, Einstein also explored the world of light. In 1917, Einstein published a paper that highlighted his quantum theory of radiation, in which (using some complicated physics and equations) he determined how coherent light can be created as atoms discharge in a chain reaction, otherwise known as “stimulated emission of radiation” — or the “ser” in “laser.” It’d take a couple of decades for scientists to nail down how to use mirrors for light amplification, but Einstein’s legacy can now be found in technologies on Earth and beyond.

Darren Orf
Writer

Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.