While almost all other objects are required to be boxed up before being mailed, the U.S. Postal Service makes a specific exception for potatoes and coconuts. Both foods can be mailed unwrapped, so long as you write the destination and return address either directly on the product or on a label affixed to the skin or husk. Simply take the item to the post office, where it’ll be weighed to determine the appropriate postage, stamped, and sent off to be delivered just like any other package.
The U.S. Postal Service doesn’t explicitly say why this is permitted, but there is some precedent for sending strange items through the mail, so long as they’re paid for and don’t endanger the carrier. In an experiment conducted for a 2000 edition of Annals of Improbable Research, researchers successfully mailed a ski, a deer tibia, a rose with a card tied to the stem, and other unusual objects.
The first U.S. city to offer free mail delivery was Cleveland, Ohio.
Cleveland was the first U.S. city to offer free mail delivery to its residents. The Free City Delivery Service was the brainchild of postal employee Joseph Briggs. The service began in 1862, and by the end of the 19th century had grown to more than 400 cities, employing 10,000+ mail carriers.
Mailing coconuts is especially popular on the Hawaiian island of Molokaʻi, where the Hoʻolehua post office established the Post-a-Nut service in 1991, allowing people to mail coconuts to the mainland U.S. and around the world — no box required. Post-a-Nut ships roughly 3,000 coconuts annually (around 700 of which are sent to international locations), generating 40% of that post office’s total revenue. Dedicated businesses for mailing potatoes also exist, including Mail a Spud — a service that ships out russet potatoes adorned with personalized messages.
George Washington has appeared on more U.S. postage stamps than any other person.
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A coconut was investigated for its role in rigging a Maldivian presidential election.
In 2013, Maldivian police detained a suspicious coconut discovered near a polling place on Guraidhoo Island. The coconut was initially thought to be evidence of black magic — a practice that had purportedly been used to influence the outcome of local elections in the past. In this case, the kurumba (young coconut) featured a Quranic verse written on its husk, which was believed to possibly be an instance of fanditha (black magic).
Police enlisted the help of a ruqyah (white magic practitioner) to deduce whether the coconut actually possessed black magic. It was determined to be fake, and as one source told a Maldivian news outlet, “It seems like it was a joke, just a prank, so that people will become aware, learn the moral, and not do it again.” In the wake of this event, police ramped up surveillance of the polling place in question to be sure no black magic was used.
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Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Inbox Studio, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.
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Some personalities are born, while others are cooked up. The latter was the case with Betty Crocker. In October 1921, the Washburn-Crosby Co. (which would later evolve into General Mills) advertised a contest giveaway in the back of The Saturday Evening Post. In order to get a pincushion shaped like the company’s principal product — Gold Medal Flour — 30,000 readers completed a cut-out puzzle of townspeople rushing past a Gold Medal sign. Lots of the finished puzzles were bundled with letters containing baking queries from women.
At the time, the Gold Medal advertising department had an all-male staff, while the home services department (initially charged with developing recipes and giving demonstrations) was made up of women. For a while, the advertising team responded to the letters, seeking insight from the home services staff. But advertising manager Samuel Gale thought the women writing in would rather hear from another woman, so he had his reports invent a chief of correspondence named Betty Crocker. The advertisers thought “Betty” sounded wholesome and friendly; “Crocker,” meanwhile, was a nod to the company’s recently retired director, William G. Crocker.
Betty Crocker was once affiliated with a lifestyle magazine called “Zest.”
From 1972 to 1975, General Mills partnered with Forum Communications on “Sphere,” a monthly periodical featuring food, fashion, and crafts. The magazine eventually parted ways with Betty Crocker when it proved too hard to sell ads to other companies.
Beginning in 1924, a new Washburn-Crosby home economist named Marjorie Child Husted voiced (and wrote) the Betty Crocker character on daytime radio’s first cooking show, “Betty Crocker Cooking School of the Air.” Although the show was based in Minneapolis, national distribution soon followed — as did hundreds of marriage proposals. Among the longest-running radio broadcasts in U.S. history, “Betty Crocker Cooking School of the Air” lasted for 24 years, even overlapping with “Our Nation’s Rations,” a 1945 program Betty Crocker (Husted) hosted at the request of the U.S. Office of War Information. (The show was devoted to helping home cooks make the most of rationed foods.)
Betty Crocker then made her way to television with The Betty Crocker Show (1950-1952) and Betty Crocker Star Matinee (1951-1952). Actress Adelaide Hawley Cumming assumed the namesake role in both projects, and afterward provided in-character baking demonstrations in walk-on commercials during The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show for several years. While Betty Crocker was taking on the entertainment world, General Mills commissioned a line of Betty Crocker products, starting with a dried soup mix in 1942. Today, Betty Crocker groceries are sold on every continent except Antarctica. And if you call the General Mills headquarters in Minnesota, there’s always a “Betty Crocker” standing by, ready to answer your culinary questions.
Betty Crocker’s logo featuring a red spoon first appeared in 1954.
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A psychologist convinced Betty Crocker to make its cake mixes less convenient.
Hoping to sell more flour, General Mills — Betty Crocker’s parent company — entered the cake mix industry in 1947. (The first mixes Betty Crocker sold were for Ginger Cake, then Devil’s Food Cake.) All of the brand’s early mixes included powdered milk and eggs, meaning customers just needed to add water. Cake mix sales doubled between 1947 and 1953, the period when Pillsbury — a future General Mills property — also entered the market. However, sales increased only 5% from 1956 to 1960. To improve on this disappointing data, General Mills sought help from Ernest Dichter, a Vienna-born psychologist, marketing consultant, and author who popularized focus groups. Based on his interviews with housewives, Dichter determined that the women felt guilty and self-indulgent when they relied on these simple cake mixes. He proposed tasking home cooks with providing their own eggs, so they could feel like they’d contributed to the final dish. Thus Betty Crocker omitted the powdered eggs from its recipes, heralding the change with the slogan, “Add an egg.” Sales figures began to soar once again — although Something From the Oven: Reinventing Dinner in 1950s America author Laura Shapiro is wary of giving Dichter too much credit for the sales spike. She notes that cakes made with fresh eggs also tend to have a better texture and taste. In addition, food magazines of the era harnessed the idea that cake baking is merely the prelude to cake decorating — a more creative and impactful way to share love through food.
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If you look closely in the mirror at the inside corner of either of your eyes, you’ll notice a pinkish protuberance. This thin, curved membrane sits directly adjacent to the eyeball and is called the plica semilunaris, which is an evolutionary remnant of the nictitating membrane, known colloquially as the “third eyelid.” (This is not to be confused with the lacrimal caruncle, a tiny bump at the very edge of the eye that helps keep the eye moist.)
Many animals, including dogs, cats, and some birds, reptiles, and fish, still have a functioning nictitating membrane. This translucent membrane protects the eye while still allowing the animal to see, and also essentially acts like a windshield wiper by removing debris and maintaining moisture. Birds rely on their nictitating membrane while in flight, and fish use it while swimming. But its purpose in prehistoric humans remains unclear due to the lack of definitive fossil records.
During development, human embryos briefly grow tails. This posterior appendage forms around the fifth gestational week and is usually absorbed into the body eight weeks after conception. In rare cases — fewer than 40 recorded instances to date — humans have been born with these tails.
In fact, the third eyelid is believed to have lost its usefulness in humans long before the first appearance of Homo sapiens roughly 300,000 years ago. This is due to relaxed selection — an evolutionary phenomenon wherein formerly advantageous traits become less prominent with infrequent use. However, these traits can continue to physically stick around if they don’t actively hinder survival. The plica semilunaris is an example of one of these vestigial structures — a useless, harmless feature that shrunk but never fully disappeared.
The largest eyes of any living creature belong to the colossal squid.
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Charles Darwin waited more than two decades to publish his theory of evolution.
From 1831 to 1836, naturalist Charles Darwin traveled the world researching evolution — but even after his return to England, he didn’t reveal his findings to the public for another two decades. Some claim Darwin feared a negative reaction from scientific and religious communities, while others suggest he used the gap to ensure his theory was irrefutable, hoping to compose an extensive, unassailable treatise before informing the world.
In 1858, Darwin received an essay from naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace that proposed similar evolutionary theories to his own. This unexpected development prompted Darwin to divulge his findings to the scientific community alongside Wallace. In 1859, he introduced his theory of natural selection in his work On the Origin of Species. Later, in 1871, Darwin published The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, in which he first publicly posited that humans descended from apes.
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Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Inbox Studio, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.
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Although it may sound like something from the handbook of an oppressive regime, there are several generally tolerant countries that require parents to pick from a list of government-approved choices for baby names. Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, and Hungary are among these nations, although parents with a strong preference for something unique can apply for exceptions.
New Zealand’s registrar-general once approved a request for the name “Number 16 Bus Shelter.”
The news of this approval was revealed during a 2008 court case involving 9-year-old Talula Does The Hula From Hawaii, who was granted a pathway to changing her own unconventional name.
Other countries have no such lists but do set rules about what falls within the boundaries of acceptability. In New Zealand, for example, the Office of the Registrar-General will reject names that reflect an official title (such as “King”) or have nonnumerical or nonalphabetic characters (such as /). Germany’s Standesamt, meanwhile, will deny attempts to bestow the names of inanimate objects (e.g., “telephone”) or common surnames on children. Saudi Arabia’s interior ministry has banned names that contradict the kingdom’s cultural sensibilities. And the governments of numerous other countries will step in to nix a moniker that could offend others or threaten a child’s emotional well-being.
The United States isn’t exempt from such oversight into family matters either: There are naming restrictions in place that vary by state. Several states forbid obscene and derogatory names, and others prohibit the inclusion of numbers, symbols, or even accented letters. A few have limits on the number of characters permissible in the full or individual first, middle, and last names. Otherwise, the land of the free largely lives up to its billing in the baby-naming department.
Since 2017, the most popular name for baby boys in the United States has been Liam.
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Some popular names were created by famous authors.
While many names in the Western world are drawn from traditional European choices and religious texts, others were spawned by the minds that composed some of our most treasured works. William Shakespeare is responsible for several, including Jessica from The Merchant of Venice. Jonathan Swift brought us Vanessa from his poem “Cadenus and Vanessa,” and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did the same with the poem “Evangeline.” Partial credit goes to Johanna Spyri and J. M. Barrie, whose respective creations of Heidi and Wendy from Peter Pan gave life to stand-alone versions of existing nicknames. And while it’s a stretch to say that the title character of The Picture of Dorian Gray inspired a legion of like-named babies, Oscar Wilde at least deserves honorable mention for introducing that moniker to the public domain.
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The most distinguishing feature about an octopus is its set of eight appendages — they’re right there in the name. But don’t confuse that tangle of limbs for tentacles, because octopuses don’t have those. They have arms. For us armchair biologists, the two words seem interchangeable, but there’s an important difference. On animals such as squids, tentacles are usually longer andhave suckers only on their clubbed ends; they’re primarily used for hunting. By contrast, a cephalopod's arms have suckers that smell, taste, and feel all the way down. Squids, for example, have both eight arms and two tentacles.
In humans, iron-rich hemoglobin delivers oxygen to tissues while turning our blood red. Octopus blood, however, contains hemocyanin, which uses a copper atom instead of iron to deliver oxygen to cells. This is what makes the blood of octopuses — and many other sea creatures — blue.
Of course, an octopus’s “arms” are nothing like the two appendages dangling from your torso. For one, octopus arms are entirely soft tissue, and that absence of bone makes octopuses incredibly flexible. But the most striking difference between octopus arms and our own is that an octopus’s eight arms collectively contain more than half of its total neurons, cells that are usually concentrated in a central brain. This has led some scientists to theorize that octopuses essentially have nine brains — a centralized one and eight mini ones located in each arm. Recent research suggests that there might be more connection between these “brains” than previously imagined, and that an octopus’s arms are, at the very least, “clever” (a very peculiar adjective to describe an arm). Whatever the IQ of an octopus’s arms, it’s clear that they’re just as strange, and incredible, as the creatures themselves.
The monstrous octopus found in Greek mythology is called a kraken.
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Octopuses can fit into an inch-wide hole.
Octopuses are master contortionists with the ability to fit into incredibly small spaces — in fact, they can fit inside holes only an inch wide. A majority of an octopus’s body is soft tissue that can lengthen, contract, and contort in any way necessary. The only hard part on their body is the beak, which gets its name because these mouth parts resemble the beaks of parrots. The octopus uses its beak, made up of a fibrous substance called chitin (which also forms the exoskeletons of arthropods), to eat crunchy prey like crabs and clams. Because the beak is the only octopus part that can’t contort, it essentially sets the minimum size of the hole an octopus can squeeze into. To capture this amazing ability on camera, in 2010 National Geographic filmed an octopus as it passed through a plexiglass hole. The 600-pound creature squeezed itself through an opening the size of a quarter.
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Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.
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Radium is, quite famously, not good for you. Its effects on the body are deleterious — not that anyone realized this when Marie Curie discovered the alkaline earth metal in 1898, a scientific breakthrough that led to her winning the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Before long, the dangerously false belief that radium had health benefits began to spread: It was added to everything from toothpaste and hair gel to food and drinks, with glow-in-the-dark paints made from radium still sold into the 1970s. It was marketed as being good for any “common ailment,” with radioactive water sold in small jars that shops claimed would “aid nature” and act as a natural “vitalizer.”
The five other earth metals — beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) — all weigh less.
Of course, none of this was true — exposure to even a small amount of radium can eventually prove fatal. Curie had no way of knowing this at the time, just as she didn’t have the slightest inkling that her notebooks would remain radioactive for more than 1,500 years after her death. She was known to store such elements out in the open and even walk around her lab with them in her pockets, as she enjoyed how they “looked like faint, fairy lights.”
Radium’s color changes from silvery white to black when exposed to air.
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Marie Curie also won a second Nobel Prize.
Marie Curie wasn’t just the first woman to win a Nobel Prize — she was also the first person to win two and remains the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. Her first award came eight years before her Nobel Prize in chemistry, when she and her husband, Pierre Curie, won the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics for their work in radioactivity. Decades later, their daughter Irène Joliot-Curie won the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry along with her husband, Frédéric Joliot, for synthesizing new radioactive elements.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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Letting out a well-timed expletive can be pretty cathartic, but it turns out it can do more than make us feel better — it can also make us (temporarily) stronger. English psychologist Richard Stephens first got curious about the effects of swearing after watching his wife give birth — was it just a reaction to the pain, he wondered, or did cursing actually act as a physical boon?
He first tested his theory in 2009 by having subjects repeat a swear word of their choice while their hand was submerged in ice-cold water. The subjects who cursed lasted an average of 160 seconds — one minute longer than those who used non-swear words.
Crocodiles have the strongest measured bite of any living animal today.
Saltwater crocodiles clamp their jaws with a force of about 3,700 psi — far surpassing humans (150-200 psi) and even big cats (1,000 psi). The great white shark has an estimated bite of nearly 4,000 psi, but it has yet to be directly measured, so crocodiles remain on top for now.
In 2024, Stephens, along with Samford University associate professor Nick Washmuth, released another study showing that cursing during exercise could indeed have measurable benefits. Participants were asked to repeat a swear word of their choice every three seconds during a Wingate Anaerobic Power Test — essentially a measurement of muscle performance during short, intense bursts of effort — and for 10 seconds before and throughout the duration of a grip-strength test. The results showed swearing increased peak power by 4.5% during the Wingate test and improved grip strength by 8% compared to using neutral words. During push-ups and planks, swearing every five seconds increased the time subjects were able to continue before total fatigue by 15% and 12%, respectively.
As impressive as that data is, scientists still haven’t been able to pinpoint an explanation. It was initially chalked up to a boost in strength provided by the adrenaline released during one’s fight-or-flight response. But later studies showed that not every participant demonstrated the changes in heart rate associated with the fight-or-flight response. The bottom line, however, remains clear: A timely curse word may not give you superhuman strength, but it could very well give you a crucial edge when you need it most.
Our fight-or-flight response is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
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“Gone With the Wind” almost lost one of its most iconic lines because of a swear word.
In the 1939 film adaptation of Gone With the Wind, Clark Gable’s Rhett Butler utters one of cinema’s most enduring parting lines to his wife Scarlett O’Hara (Vivien Leigh): “Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn.” Although it’s considered a mild curse word by today’s standards, at the time, “damn” almost didn’t make it past Hollywood’s strict film guidelines known as the Hays Code.
Producer David O. Selznick fought for the film to retain that emotional line — one that was lifted nearly word for word from the 1936 novel. Though Selznick was eventually granted special permission to keep the line, it wasn’t before he came up with a list of possible alternatives, including “I don’t give a straw,” “My indifference is boundless,” and “The devil may care — I don’t!”
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Though they’re now commonly found on everything from jackets to couch cushions, zippers were actually originally made for shoes. The history of this versatile mechanism can be traced in part to inventor Whitcomb Judson, who in 1893 was granted a patent for a rudimentary zipper that he called the “clasp-locker,” an alternative to lengthy shoelaces. The patent described it as “a series of clasps securable to the flaps of the shoes,” which automatically engaged or disengaged with a movable hand device. Judson displayed his creation at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, but it was met with minimal interest. And despite several refinements to the product, this zipper ultimately never caught on due to its sharp hooks and the resulting frequency of torn fabric.
The first high-heeled shoes were worn by soldiers.
High heels were originally worn by 10th-century Persian cavalry, who used them to stabilize their feet in stirrups while riding horseback. They later popped up in Europe, where aristocrats viewed them as a sign of virility. In 1670, France’s King Louis XIV decreed that only nobility could wear them.
Swedish inventor Gideon Sundback later improved upon Judson’s design, creating a more reliable version with two rows of metal teeth pulled together by a slider. These hookless fasteners were designed to be used on “shoes, corsets, and other articles of wear,” according to the 1917 patent. The invention then caught the eye of New York City tailor Robert Ewig, who sewed them onto money belts. The belts were popular among U.S. sailors, whose uniforms lacked pockets, and in 1918, the Navy bought 10,000 fasteners to incorporate into flight suits. In 1923, the BFGoodrich Company added Sundback’s fasteners to rubber boots and coined the word “zipper,” an onomatopoeia based on the sound they made.
The “YKK” acronym that appears on most zippers stands for Yoshida Kogyo Kabushikikaisha.
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A design student was paid $35 to create Nike’s “Swoosh” logo.
In 1971, Carolyn Davidson was a graphic design student at Portland State University in Oregon. One day, a man named Phil Knight overheard her lamenting to a classmate about her inability to afford art supplies. Knight approached the student with an offer to design a logo for his new shoe company, Blue Ribbon Sports — later renamed Nike. Davidson created the now-iconic “Swoosh” and charged Knight $35 (roughly $275 today) for her work.
The following year, Nike debuted its first shoe, which featured Davidson’s logo. In 1983, Knight invited Davidson to the Nike offices, where she was awarded a gold ring and 500 shares of stock as an additional thanks. But because of six subsequent stock splits, those 500 shares equal 32,000 shares today — upward of $2.3 million in value.
Bennett Kleinman
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Bennett Kleinman is a New York City-based staff writer for Inbox Studio, and previously contributed to television programs such as "Late Show With David Letterman" and "Impractical Jokers." Bennett is also a devoted New York Yankees and New Jersey Devils fan, and thinks plain seltzer is the best drink ever invented.
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The concept of time has been described as many things: an arrow, a river, a march, anything that moves inextricably forward at a constant, unalterable rate. However, aging doesn’t flow at such a uniform speed. Instead, humans age in fits and starts. A 2024 Stanford University study found that our bodies age faster around our mid-40s and early 60s than during other stages of life.
The study analyzed data from 108 people who donated blood and other biological samples over several years. By tracking 135,000 different molecules, creating 250 billion data points, scientists discovered that roughly 81% of the studied molecules showed age-related fluctuations, and those moments of rapid aging tended to coalesce around the ages of 44 and the early 60s. According to the scientists, the most surprising data point was rapid aging in the mid-40s. At first, they theorized that menopause or perimenopause could be playing a role in these changes, but they found the molecular changes impacted men just as much as women.
The giant tortoise is the longest-lived vertebrate on Earth.
Although the Seychelles giant tortoise can live to nearly 200 years, scientists in 2016 discovered a Greenland shark that was at least 270 years old (and possibly much older), making that species the longest-lived vertebrate on Earth.
The affected molecules also differed between those two aging periods. Both age groups reported changes in molecules related to cardiovascular disease, caffeine metabolism, and skin and muscle growth, but the mid-40s cohort also recorded increased alterations in alcohol metabolism, while people in their early 60s underwent changes to immune regulation and kidney function. Of course, a lifetime of healthy eating, exercise, and plentiful sleep can curtail some of the effects of these periods of aging, so it may be worth paying extra close attention to your health when those milestones arrive.
Genomic regions at the end of chromosomes, known as telomeres, shorten as we age.
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It’s a myth that ancient humans didn’t live to old age.
A well-known (and much appreciated) side effect of modern medicine is its ability to increase a human’s life expectancy, especially in developed countries. In the U.S., for example, life expectancy hovered around 47 years at the turn of the 20th century but skyrocketed to nearly 77 years a century later. Travel even further back into history, and it may seem like humans lived rather short, brutish lives compared to today. However, old age isn’t a modern phenomenon.
Ancient Greeks and Romans, for example, had a life expectancy of just 30 to 35 years, but in the early Roman Republic, you couldn’t even be a senator until the age of 60. In fact, it wasn’t uncommon for people all around the world to live to at least their 50s or 60s in ancient and medieval times. A 2013 study highlighted that between the years 900 CE and 1531 CE, most people who reached adulthood in the region of what is now Cholula, Mexico, lived until at least the age of 50.
The low historical averages we often see reported are largely due to the high infant mortality rates at the time, a once-widespread occurrence that modern medicine has greatly alleviated. While technology has helped more humans reach an older age than ever before, we may be surprised by how many of our ancestors led lengthy lives.
Darren Orf
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Darren Orf lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes about all things science and climate. You can find his previous work at Popular Mechanics, Inverse, Gizmodo, and Paste, among others.
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If asked what a dinosaur sounded like, many people would likely recall the roaring T. rex of Jurassic Park. However, that earth-shaking bellow seems to be a case of Hollywood exercising some creative liberty. While we don’t know what these reptiles really sounded like, since they mostly died out some 66 million years ago, scientists at least have some reasonable ideas based on the anatomical structures of well-preserved fossils, combined with studies of the dinosaurs and their close relatives that exist today.
Although it was long believed that non-avian dinosaurs lacked the flying capabilities of early birds and Pterosaurs, newer research has shown that other small, feathered dinosaurs evolved the ability for powered flight multiple times.
Yes, dinosaurs do still exist, in the form of birds, which branched off from non-avian dinosaurs around 160 million years ago. Although birds mainly produce noises via a soft-tissue organ called the syrinx, which has yet to be uncovered from a non-avian dinosaur fossil, many of our feathered friends also engage in closed-mouth vocalization, in which sounds are pushed out from a pouch in the neck area. Another modern animal that utilizes closed-mouth vocalization is the crocodile, which just so happens to share a common ancestor with dinosaurs. Given the family ties, it’s logical to conclude that some dinosaurs emitted something resembling the cooing of a dove, the booming of an ostrich, or the rumbling of a croc. Since larger animals with longer vocal cords produce lower-frequency sounds, it'’ also likely that enormous sauropods like Brachiosaurus delivered noises that, to our ears, would dip into an octave of infrasound — felt and not heard. On the other hand, the ear structures of the dinosaur-crocodile predecessor indicate a sensitivity to high-pitched noises, possibly the chirping of babies.
The field continues to evolve as new information comes to light; the recent discovery of the first known fossilized dinosaur larynx, from an ankylosaur, suggests these creatures were able to modify noises in a birdlike way despite the lack of a syrinx. And none of this even touches on the sound capabilities of hadrosaurs like Parasaurolophus, which almost certainly delivered a distinct call from the air passages that funneled through a conspicuous head crest. All in all, while a roar from a Jurassic-bred beast may have been the work of a Hollywood studio, there’s no movie magic needed to recognize that Earth’s prehistoric hills were alive with all sorts of reptilian sounds of music.
Some musicians are using dinosaur skull replicas as instruments.
Given the ever-increasing understanding of dinosaur sounds, it’s appropriate that a few experimental musicians have found ways to make music out of these potentially noisy monsters from yesteryear. One such artist is Southern Methodist University assistant professor Courtney Brown, who initially attached a mouthpiece and a synthetic larynx to the replica of a hadrosaur skull for an interactive exhibit, before recording the sounds produced by this creation alongside other instruments and vocals for her Dinosaur Choir project. Similarly, composers Anže Rozman and Kara Talve devised replica skull-based instruments as part of their assignment to score the Apple TV+ series Prehistoric Planet. Thanks to their atmospheric arrangements on innovations including the Triceratone, which fuses an electric double bass with a triceratops skull, and the Fat Rex, a combined frame drum and cello fingerboard topped with a 3D-printed T. rex skull, the Rozman-Talve-led team claimed Best Original Score for a Documentary Series honors at the 2023 Hollywood Music in Media Awards.
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