Despite being one of the film’s most oft-quoted lines, the words “Play it again, Sam” are never said in Casablanca. It’s been called “probably the most misquoted line in cinema history,” not least because it’s usually attributed to the wrong character. The 1942 film’s protagonist, conflicted Morocco nightclub owner Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart), is often imagined as the one saying the line, even though the closest equivalent — “Play it, Sam” — is actually said by Rick’s endangered ex, Ilsa Lund (Ingrid Bergman). (Rick does later instruct Sam, the piano player in question, to “play it,” however.) For all that, Casablanca, a noir classic set in WWII, still has many other memorable lines, including six on the American Film Institute’s 100 Years… 100 Movie Quotes list, the most of any film. (That includes “Here’s looking at you, kid” and “I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.”)
Ronald Reagan was originally supposed to play Rick.
This urban legend has persisted for decades, despite being based on nothing more than an erroneous press release. The future president was never considered for the role that went to Bogart, though countless books, articles, and even television quiz shows have reported otherwise.
Of course, Casablanca is far from the only film to be misquoted. Dorothy never actually says, “I don’t think we’re in Kansas anymore,” in The Wizard of Oz, but rather, “Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore.” Similarly, Darth Vader never says, “Luke, I am your father,” in The Empire Strikes Back. The actual line to his son is “No, I am your father.”
Humphrey Bogart won an Oscar for his performance in 1951’s “The African Queen.”
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François Truffaut turned down the chance to remake “Casablanca.”
Legendary French New Wave auteur François Truffaut, best known for 1959’s The 400 Blows and 1962’s Jules and Jim, was offered the chance to remake Casablanca by a Warner Bros. executive in the early 1970s. He turned it down, explaining, “It’s not my favorite Humphrey Bogart film,” and saying that he found the prospect intimidating. A sequel entitled Brazzaville had been planned immediately after the original movie, but it never materialized; ditto a number of other follow-ups (one of which reportedly involved Madonna). However, two television series and several radio and stage versions of the iconic classic have been — more or less successfully — produced.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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Not many people have managed to create a global pizza sensation, but Sotirios “Sam” Panopoulos delivered. Panopoulos (1934–2017) immigrated to Canada from Greece in 1954, when he was just 20 years old. During the journey, he stopped in Naples and tried his first slice of pizza, a dish that was then also making its way to the Great White North. Upon arriving in Canada, Panopoulos became a restaurateur, going into business with his brothers Elias and Nikitas. At Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario, Panopoulos began experimenting with pizza in an attempt to lure new customers. In 1962, he drained a can of Hawaiian-brand pineapple and tossed the pieces onto a pie. (He later told the BBC he added the fruit “just for the fun of it.”) Soon, he tried a variation that offset pineapple’s sweetness with savory, salty ham. He christened the new entrée a “Hawaiian pizza” after the pineapple’s purveyor, not America’s youngest state. Ever since, food lovers — and even political leaders — have argued over whether pineapple is an acceptable pizza topping.
The Dole Food Company owns one of the world’s largest permanent hedge mazes.
Encompassing almost 2.5 miles of paths, this Hawaiian attraction is part of Dole's pineapple plantation on Oahu. At the Pineapple Garden Maze, route clues come from eight checkpoints. The average time to complete the maze is 45 minutes, but the record is just six minutes.
While Panopoulos is widely credited with creating Hawaiian pizza — a recipe he was never able to patent — some have cited Toast Hawaii as a culinary forerunner. Developed in the 1950s by German television chef Clemens Wilmenrod, Toast Hawaii features bread layered with sliced ham, a pineapple ring, melted cheese, and an optional maraschino cherry.
If you dip McIntosh apple slices in peanut butter, you're enjoying two Canadian food inventions at once.
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There’s a library that straddles the U.S.-Canadian border.
Canada and the United States share the world’s longest border — 5,525 miles — and part of its eastern edge bisects a charming library. Completed in 1904, the Haskell Free Library and Opera House was built atop the boundary between Stanstead, Quebec, and Derby Line, Vermont. The main benefactor behind the project, Martha Haskell, was a Canadian who married an American. She envisioned a cultural hub for readers and opera fans on both sides of the border (which is marked on the building’s wooden floors). At the two-story, 400-seat opera house, performers take the stage in Canada, to the delight of onlookers in the U.S. Meanwhile, at the library downstairs, the books and circulation desk are stationed in Canada, while the reading room is considered international space. Americans do have an easier time accessing the library, though, because the facility’s only entrance is in Vermont. To get there, Canadians have to pass a cement obelisk that marks the border, plus security cameras and a U.S. border guard.
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Jenna is a writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times, The Hollywood Reporter, and New York Magazine.
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Whether they’re about showing up to school in your underwear or having your teeth fall out, most dreams have one thing in common: They’re in color. Not for everyone, though. Roughly 12% of people dream entirely in black and white, making their nightly visions much like watching an old movie. That comparison isn’t a coincidence, either. The number used to be much higher: In the 1940s, 75% of Americans reported seeing color in their dreams only rarely or never, and some researchers believe that black-and-white television is part of the reason why. Color TV didn’t become common until the 1950s and ’60s, so for many years, most people’s most common experiences with visual stories were in gray scale.
Everybody dreams, but some people think they don’t for the simple reason that they never remember their dreams.
A 2008 study found that people 25 and younger almost never dreamed in black and white, while those 55 and older who didn't have color TV in their younger years had black-and-white dreams about a quarter of the time. Yet the television connection is difficult to prove for certain, as are many things related to dreaming. For everything we have learned about this nightly phenomenon, scientists have still yet to conclusively determine why we dream at all.
The first national color TV broadcast was the 1954 Tournament of Roses Parade.
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Some people can control their dreams.
It’s called lucid dreaming, which is when you’re aware that you’re dreaming — and, in some cases, can control what happens next. Studies suggest that roughly half of people have had at least one lucid dream, and it may have to do with their brain. Lucid dreamers tend to have larger prefrontal cortexes, a part of the brain that plays a central role in cognitive tasks such as recalling memories and making decisions. Some consider lucid dreaming to be a learnable skill, with how-to guides available for those who want to emulate Inception.
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Next time you find yourself arriving at Grand Central Terminal, feel free to inform the person sitting next to you that the architectural landmark is radioactive — and, once their expression changes, be sure to also tell them that it’s only by a harmless amount. Located in midtown Manhattan, New York’s most-beloved transportation hub (sorry, not sorry, Penn Station) was built between 1903 and 1913 out of granite, which contains higher levels of uranium than most other stones. Still, the levels aren’t all that high: The average person is exposed to 360 millirems of radiation per year, 300 of which come from natural sources, and Grand Central employees would absorb about 120 mrem at work over the course of a year.
Grand Central is the busiest train station in the country.
Close, but not quite — Penn Station, located just over a mile away from Grand Central, is the busiest train station not just in the country but in all of North America. Some 1,000 passengers alight and depart there every 90 seconds.
The building is also hardly alone in being radioactive. The U.S. Capitol Building, which is also made of granite, contains so much radiation that it would fail the safety standards required to be licensed as a nuclear power plant. (Fret not — your favorite member of Congress isn’t at risk.) When it comes to snacks, Brazil nuts have the dubious honor of being 1,000 times more radioactive than most other foods; luckily for anyone who picks them out of cans of mixed nuts, you’d have to eat about 50 every day to notice any ill effects.
Grand Central Terminal was designed in the beaux arts architectural style.
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The world’s largest train station is in Japan.
Though it isn’t the busiest in the world — that would be Tokyo’s Shinjuku Station, which serves 3.5 million passengers every day — Nagoya Station is the world’s largest by floor area at 4.8 million square feet. It’s so massive, in fact, that there are entire videos about what you can do there. From shopping and eating to housing the Central Japan Railway Company’s headquarters, it’s a destination unto itself. And at more than 50 stories high, it’s also the world’s tallest train station.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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Aside from all being adorable, 80% of orange cats have something else in common: They’re male. Only one in five of the notoriously goofy felines are female, as some color is inextricably linked to biological sex in cats.
A male cat will be orange if he carries that gene on either of his chromosomes, whereas a female needs to carry it on both. So if a female orange cat becomes pregnant, her male kittens will be orange regardless of the color of their father’s fur, but a female kitten will be orange only if both of her parents are. Regardless, orange kitties are especially beloved on the internet for their perceived eccentricities and proclivity for being a bit goofy.
They’re actually crepuscular, which means they’re most active during dawn and dusk.
On the opposite end of the spectrum are calico cats and their distinct tricolor coats (usually white, orange, and black), an even vaster majority of which are female: Only one in 3,000 calicos are male. A cat has to have two X chromosomes in order to be calico, which, in theory, rules out males entirely, as they have only one. Those extremely rare male calicos result from an extra X chromosome, a condition similar to Klinefelter’s syndrome in humans. They’re also almost always sterile due to that second X chromosome, making male calicos exceedingly difficult to breed.
The tiny “hooks” on a cat’s tongue are called papillae.
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All clownfish are born male.
There may be a reason both main characters in Finding Nemo are male: All clownfish are born that way, and it’s only when a group’s dominant female dies or disappears that a male develops into a female and becomes the new matriarch. All clownfish have the ability to turn female, and the change is permanent once it occurs.
The transformation begins almost immediately after the dominant female is gone and starts in the brain before manifesting itself in the sex organs. Had the beloved Pixar film been devoted to scientific accuracy, Nemo’s father, Marlin, may not have been just his son’s sole caregiver after tragedy befell the boy’s mother — he may literally have become his mother.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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Metallica lyrics notwithstanding, most humans would find it impossible to sleep with one eye open. Dolphins, on the other hand, can’t sleep any other way. That’s because, unlike us, they don’t breathe automatically and have to remain conscious in order to do so actively. The solution to this predicament is called unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, in which one half of the brain rests while the other remains awake. When the right half of a dolphin’s brain is sleeping, its left eye is closed, and vice versa; they periodically alternate which side of the brain is asleep in order to rest fully while retaining consciousness. While sleeping, dolphins may rest motionless or swim slowly and steadily near the water’s surface.
Orcas are dolphins, which are also toothed whales. Due to their ability to take down large whale species, orcas were known as “asesina ballenas” (“whale killer”) by ancient sailors, and eventually the name was flipped.
Dolphins aren’t the only species with strange sleeping patterns. A number of their fellow sea creatures, from beluga whales to sea lions, also exhibit unihemispheric sleep. On the extra adorable end of the spectrum are otters, who float belly-up and often hold hands with one another so as to not drift apart while snoozing. Great Frigatebirds, meanwhile, sleep in 10-second bursts while remaining airborne for as long as two months at a time. And, like dolphins, they do it with one eye open.
Bottlenose dolphins call each other by unique names.
Bottlenose dolphins are talkative creatures. Their communication skills, which have been called “sophisticated” and “novel,” include referring to each other by unique names. These “names” consist of learned, distinctive whistles that individual dolphins both broadcast and respond to, and they’re smart enough to not respond to other whistles. Researchers have also noticed that individual bottlenose dolphins copy the signature whistles of others, as a way of finding lost friends and family in the sea.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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If you love cats but can’t have one of your own because you’re allergic, the feeling may be mutual. It isn’t common, but cats can be allergic to people. The condition is rare in part because we humans usually bathe regularly and thus don’t shed as much dead skin or hair as other animals (and it’s somewhat unclear how much of a problem human dander may be for felines). That said, cats are fairly sensitive to chemicals and sometimes have a negative reaction to certain perfumes, laundry detergents, and soaps. Cat allergic reactions look much the same as the ones humans get — they may manifest as sneezing, runny noses, rashes, hives, or other uncomfortable symptoms. In rare cases, cats can even be allergic to dogs. (Maybe that’s why some of them don’t get along.)
Though some cats can have a little, as a treat, most are lactose intolerant and should not be given cow milk. It has no nutritional benefits and simply isn’t good for them, however cute they may be while lapping up a saucerful.
Yet our feline friends are more likely to have the same seasonal allergies as us — especially grass and pollen — as well as year-round problems with dust mites and fleas. As much as 30% of the human population with allergies is allergic to either cats or dogs, with allergies to cats being twice as common as allergies to their canine counterparts. While ailurophiles (cat lovers) may consider that a fate worse than death, the good news is there are a number of hypoallergenic breeds that are less likely to make you sneeze.
The Nobel Prize winner wasn’t kidding when he said that “one cat just leads to another.” After being given a polydactyl (six-or-more-toed) cat by a ship captain and naming the feline Snow White, Hemingway couldn’t help but accumulate more — and name them after famous people. (Most cats have five toes on their front paws and four on the back, for a total of 18, but at least one polydactyl cat in Canada had seven on each paw for a record-setting 28.) Following his death in 1961, Hemingway’s former home in Key West, Florida, was converted into a museum that today is home to roughly 60 polydactyl cats.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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Original photo by Doug Houghton/ Alamy Stock Photo
You’d be forgiven for assuming that IKEA is a Swedish word related to furniture. In fact, it’s an acronym that combines the initials of founder Ingvar Kamprad (IK) with the name of the farm where he grew up (Elmtaryd) and a nearby village (Agunnaryd). Kamprad was just 17 when he founded the company in 1943, initially selling small household items — think pens and wallets — rather than beds and sofas. He likely had no idea that there would one day be more than 450 IKEA stores across the globe.
It’s actually an initialism, which differs from an acronym in one key way — the former is pronounced one letter at a time and the latter is pronounced as a word. Other examples of initialisms include CIA and HTML, while POTUS and NASA are acronyms.
IKEA isn’t the only unexpected acronym. It’s joined on that list by “laser” (light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation), “scuba” (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), “radar” (radio detection and ranging), and even fellow Swedes ABBA (Agnetha, Björn, Benny, and Anni-Frid).
IKEA began publishing its famous catalogue in 1951.
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IKEA’s naming system is related to its founder’s dyslexia.
Because he struggled with the neurological disorder, Kamprad developed the company’s distinct naming system to help him remember and visualize products in a way that code numbers couldn’t. Rugs are usually named after places in Denmark and Sweden, garden furniture is named after Scandinavian islands, and fabrics and curtains are based on Scandinavian girls’ names, to cite just a few examples. One devoted IKEA fan has even developed an unofficial dictionary to help shoppers translate the names of their new bookcases and vases into English.
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Michael Nordine is a writer and editor living in Denver. A native Angeleno, he has two cats and wishes he had more.
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There are many approaches to promoting world peace — giving Nobel Prizes, developing diplomatic agreements — but none is quite as awesome as playing air guitar. In fact, that’s why the Air Guitar World Championships were created: The organization’s official website proclaims that “wars will end, climate change will stop, and all bad things will vanish when all the people in the world play the air guitar.”
In keeping with that (perhaps overly optimistic) outlook, each competition ends with every contestant playing the air guitar “all at once to save the world.” For more than 20 years, people have traveled from around the globe to Oulu, Finland, to participate, but not without first winning their respective National Championships. In most years, there are about 10 National Championships, with participating nations including France, Thailand, Chile, and beyond. The 2025 event, which runs from August 20 to 22, will feature champions from eight countries — Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and the U.S. — alongside last year’s champion, Canada’s Zachary Knowles, and other top performers from the qualifying rounds.
Finland drinks more coffee than any other country.
Above even such coffee-loving countries as Italy and the Netherlands, Finland drinks the most coffee per capita in the world. The average Finn consumes 26.5 pounds of the brew each year — nearly five pounds more than their closest (literally, in this case) competitors in Norway.
The 2020 event was canceled, but in 2021, a virtual event pitting past champions against each other crowned Justin “Nordic Thunder” Howard of Chicago the “Champion of Champions.” The 2021 event’s “air-judicators” judged performances using a 4.0 to 6.0 Olympic figure skating scale, with points awarded for technical merit, artistic impression, and “airness” — the latter being “the extent to which an air guitar performance exceeds the imitation of guitar playing and becomes an art form in and of itself.” Howard has been honing his skills — and winning competitions — since 2006, and according to his website, his mission is to share “his message of world peace, love, and understanding through invisible guitar licks and head-banging hair whips.”
Joe Cocker’s Woodstock performance is credited with popularizing air guitar.
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Finnish is considered one of the world’s most difficult languages to learn.
While standard Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are similar enough to be considered mutually intelligible, Finnish is part of the obscure Finno-Ugric language family, along with Hungarian and Estonian — three tongues with grammatical structures that make them notoriously difficult for non-native speakers to learn. That’s especially true of Finnish, which consistently ranks among the world’s most intimidating languages. If you find yourself trying to converse with a Finn, you may need to ask them, “Puhuisitteko hieman hitaammin?” (“Can you speak more slowly?”)
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Depending on your perspective, Roy C. Sullivan was either one of the unluckiest people who ever lived or one of the luckiest — unlucky because the park ranger was struck by lightning a whopping seven times, yet lucky because he managed to survive every one of those encounters. He even holds the Guinness World Record for the most lightning strikes survived, a dubious honor if ever there were one.
The first lightning strike happened in 1942, when Sullivan was working at Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains, and resulted in a lost big toenail. For the better part of three decades, nature saw fit to leave the “spark ranger” alone. Beginning in 1969, however, lightning seemed to have it out for him.
You should hide under a tree during a lightning storm.
This is actually one of the most dangerous things you can do, as trees are often the tallest objects in open areas and therefore commonly attract lightning. If possible, you should seek shelter indoors.
In 1969, he lost his eyebrows; in July 1970, his left shoulder was seared; in April 1972, his hair was set on fire; in August 1973, his hair caught fire again and his legs were seared; in June 1976, he injured his ankle; and in June of the following year, he sustained chest and stomach burns, all due to being struck by lightning.
Why he seemed to be the human equivalent of a lightning rod remains unknown. The National Weather Service puts the odds of being struck by lightning once in an 80-year lifetime at 1 in 15,300, making Sullivan a true statistical anomaly — especially considering the fact that his wife also survived a lightning strike. Sullivan passed away in 1983 at the age of 71, after having survived all seven strikes.
The most lightning-struck location in the world is in Venezuela.
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People used to believe ringing church bells repelled lightning.
Centuries after the superstition was debunked, some church bells still bear the inscription fulgura frango. Latin for “I break up lightning,” the phrase is evidence of a medieval-era belief that ringing church bells could prevent lightning strikes. The idea persisted until the late 18th century, but a number of bell-ringers getting struck by lightning over the centuries eventually helped people realize their faith was misplaced.
This is hardly the only way people have tried to avoid the elements, of course. Medieval-era Europeans used to plantSempervivum tectorum, a plant also known as “houseleek,” “hens and chicks,” and “Jupiter’s beard” (Jupiter being the Roman god of thunder and the sky), on the roofs of houses and churches in the belief that it somehow prevented lightning and fire.
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